field different

обман зрения — optical illusion

поле зрения — field of vision

быть в поле зрения — to be in sight, to be within eyeshot

быть вне поля зрения — to be out of sight

точка зрения — point of view, standpoint

изменить точку зрения в ходе дискуссии — to shift one's ground

отказаться от своей точки зрения — to abandon / to renounce one's position

отстаивать свою точку зрения — to gain one's point

пересмотреть свою точку зрения — to revise one's point of view

присоединиться к чьей-л. точке зрения — to support / to share smb.'s point of view

разделять единую точку зрения — to be in one frame of mind, to be of the same opinion

диаметрально противоположные точки зрения — exact antipodes of opinion

общепринятая точка зрения — accepted point of view

идти вразрез с общепринятой точкой зрения — not to conform with the accepted point of view

противоречивые точки зрения — conflicting / contradictory points of view / views

примирять противоречивые точки зрения — to conciliate contradictory points of view

различные точки зрения — different points of view

примирять различные точки зрения — to harmonize different points of view

право иметь различные точки зрения — right to dissent

разные точки зрения — differing points of view

несовпадение точек зрения — difference in / of views

с фактической точки зрения — from a legal standpoint

виды коррекции коэффициента мощности
-

There are 2 types of power factor correction: fixed or automatic.
Fixed power factor correction consists of inserting, in parallel on the network, a capacitor bank whose total power is provided by the assembly of capacitors of identical or different ratings. The bank is energized by a contactor that simultaneously supplies all the capacitors (a single step).
The inrush current peak, in the case of fixed correction, can reach 30 times the nominal current of the capacitor bank.
An automatic power factor correction system, on the other hand, consists of several capacitor banks of identical or different ratings (several steps), energized separately according to the value of the power factor to be corrected.
An electronic device automatically determines the power of the steps to be energized and activates the relevant contactors.
The inrush current peak, in the case of automatic correction, depends on the power of the steps already on duty, and can reach 100 times the nominal current of the step to be energized.
[ABB]

PFC Types
There are two types of Power Factor Correction - Passive PFC and Active PFC.
Passive PFC uses passive elements like a ferrite core inductor on the AC input. It is very easy to implement in existing power circuits although the power factor is low at 60-80%. The proper AC input voltage (115V or 230V) must also be chosen manually. In addition, significant EMI can still result with a 115V AC source. Of course, a 230V AC source will not have this problem!.
Active PFC, on the other hand, uses a switching regulator with active elements like an IC, FETs (Field Effect Transistors) and diodes to create an active PFC circuit. This circuit allows the power supply to achieve a power factor of up to 95%, significantly reduce harmonics and automatically adjusts the AC input voltage. This means you do not have to manually select the AC input voltage. It works with all voltages from 110V to 240V.
[ http://www.techarp.com/showarticle.aspx?artno=81&pgno=1]

 

Тематики

• компенсация реактивной мощности

EN

• PFC types
• types of power factor correction

постоянный ток
Электрический ток, не изменяющийся во времени.
Примечание — Аналогично определяют постоянные электрическое напряжение, электродвижущую силу, магнитный поток и т. д.
[ ГОСТ Р 52002-2003]

For definition, the electric current called “direct” has a unidirectional trend constant in time.
As a matter of fact, by analyzing the motion of the charges at a point crossed by a direct current, it results that the quantity of charge (Q) flowing through that point (or better, through that cross section) in each instant is always the same.
[ABB]

Постоянным током называется электрический ток, значение и направление которого, не изменяются во времени.
Если рассматривать постоянный ток как прохождение элементарных электрических зарядов через определенную точку, то значение заряда (Q), протекающего через эту точку (а вернее через это поперечное сечение проводника) за единицу времени будет постоянным.
[Перевод Интент]

Direct current, which was once the main means of distributing electric power, is still widespread today in the electrical plants supplying particular industrial applications.

The advantages in terms of settings, offered by the employ of d.c. motors and by supply through a single line, make direct current supply a good solution for railway and underground systems, trams, lifts and other transport means.

In addition, direct current is used in conversion plants (installations where different types of energy are converted into electrical direct energy, e.g. photovoltaic plants) and, above all, in those emergency applications where an auxiliary energy source is required to supply essential services, such as protection systems, emergency lighting, wards and factories, alarm systems, computer centers, etc..

Accumulators - for example – constitute the most reliable energy source for these services, both directly in direct current as well as by means of uninterruptible power supply units (UPS), when loads are supplied in alternating current.
[ABB]

Когда-то электрическая энергия передавалась и распределялась только на постоянном токе. Но и в настоящее время в отдельных отраслях промышленности постоянный ток применяется достаточно широко.

Возможности использования двигателей постоянного тока и передачи электроэнергии по линии с меньшим числом проводников дают неоспоримые преимущества при электроснабжении железных дорог, подземного транспорта, трамваев, лифтов и т. д.

Кроме того, существуют источники постоянного тока, являющиеся преобразователями различных видов энергии непосредственно в электрическую энергию, например, фотоэлектрические станции. Дополнительные источники постоянного тока применяют в аварийных ситуациях для питания систем защиты, аварийного освещения жилых районов и на производстве, систем сигнализации, компьютерных центров и т. д.

Для решения указанных задач наиболее подходящим источником электроэнергии является аккумулятор. Нагрузки постоянного тока получают электропитание непосредственно от аккумулятора. Нагрузки переменного тока – от источника бесперебойного питания (ИБП), частью которого является аккумулятор.
[Перевод Интент]

Direct current can be generated:
- by using batteries or accumulators where the current is generated directly through chemical processes;
- by the rectification of alternating current through rectifiers (static conversion);
- by the conversion of mechanical work into electrical energy using dynamos (production through rotating machines).
[ABB]

Постоянный ток можно получить следующими способами:
- от аккумуляторов, в которых электрическая энергия образуется за счет происходящих внутри аккумулятора химических реакций;
- выпрямлением переменного тока с помощью выпрямителей (статических преобразователей);
- преобразованием механической энергии в электрическую с помощью генераторов постоянного тока (вращающихся машин).
[Перевод Интент]

In the low voltage field, direct current is used for different applications, which, in the following pages, have been divided into four macrofamilies including:

- conversion into other forms of electrical energy (photovoltaic plants, above all where accumulator batteries are used);
- electric traction (tram-lines, underground railways, etc.);
- supply of emergency or auxiliary services;
- particular industrial installations (electrolytic processes, etc.).
[ABB]

Можно выделить четыре области применения постоянного тока в низковольтных электроустановках:

- преобразование различных видов энергии в электрическую (фотоэлектрические установки с аккумуляторными батареями);
- энергоснабжение транспорта на электрической тяге (трамваи, метро и т. д.)
- электропитание аварийных или вспомогательных служб;
- специальные промышленные установки (например, с использованием электролитических процессов и т. п.).
[Интент]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• постоянный электрический ток

EN

• constant current
• DC
• direct current

Fundamentally, the giant planets differ from the Earth chiefly in that...

The artificially induced mutations are in principle (or basically) of the same kind as the spontaneous ones.

In principle, the capacitance of the reference condenser can be deduced from its geometry.

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Where it is suspected that... it is the practice (or custom) to steam out the coils.

In large marine installations it is standard (or usual) practice to use...

The sensitivity for detection is typically (or usually, or generally, or commonly, or as a rule) five times as great as...

In designing such packed columns, it is common (or general) practice to assume "piston", or "plug" flow.

The regions of strongest divergence tend to be found over the subtropical regions.

Many plant breeders make a practice of having different batches of seed treated with gamma rays, neutrons and one chemical mutagen.

For a long time questions related to insulation were apt to be ignored.

The usual way to stop the intrusion has been to drill... (геол.).

In this way dye molecules can enter more freely otherwise inaccessible dye-sites.

By the early 20th century experimental and theoretical developments were appearing at a rapid pace (or one after another).

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Telegraph cables on the flat sea floor were broken one by one.

Numerous other solid-state laser materials were discovered in rapid succession.

The use of each system will be discussed in turn (or by turns).

Large quarry and tunnel blasts require that the charges be detonated in sequence (or sequentially).

The welding passes are made one after the other.

These missiles can be fired repetitively almost as fast as a bolt-operated rifle.

The sets of coils may be subjected simultaneously or successively to the inducing action of the field magnets.

The building block of a metal-oxide semiconductor integrated circuit is the field-effect transistor.

These enzymes catalyze the synthesis of RNA from its building blocks: four different ribonucleoside triphosphales.

This definition is little different (or differs little) from our ordinary use of the word.

Such a wave is little more than an oscillating electric field.